Book
Avot deRabbi Natan אבות דרבי נתן
An expanded Pirkei Avot: the same sayings, but with the stories out of which they grew.
The book follows tractate Avot and adds to each saying a story or a parable. From it come many tales that have become common property: how Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai left besieged Jerusalem; how Rabbi Akiva began to study at forty, seeing a stone hollowed out by drops of water.
It belongs to the "minor tractates" printed at the end of the Talmud. The name of Rabbi Nathan the Babylonian stands on it by custom rather than by proven authorship: the book took shape in several layers and has come down in two markedly different recensions.
On the timeline
Related
Sources
Chazal: Mishnah, Talmud, midrash, Zohar
- Avot deRabbi Natan 6 — Rabbi Akiva and the stone hollowed by water
- Avot deRabbi Natan 4 — Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai's departure from Jerusalem
Basis: documents and evidence.