Piskei HaRosh פסקי הרא"ש
The Rosh's digest at the back of the Talmud: it follows the same tractates as the Rif, but argues with him and brings the Ashkenazi teachers alongside. Out of it grew the Tur.
Rabbeinu Asher ben Yechiel grew up in Ashkenaz, studied under the Maharam of Rothenburg, and afterwards fled to Spain and became rabbi of Toledo. He brought Ashkenazi learning—the Tosafists—to a place where until then the law had been decided by the Rif and the Rambam.
The Piskei HaRosh is a digest following the tractates of the Talmud, as the Rif's does, but built differently: it brings the opinions of both sides, Ashkenazi and Sephardi, and often argues with the Rif himself.
It is printed with the Talmud, at the end of each tractate, beside the Rif.
What came out of it. His son, Rabbi Yaakov, took his father's digest as a foundation and wrote the Arbaah Turim—the four parts on which the Shulchan Aruch was later built. So Ashkenazi and Sephardi learning met in one code two generations before the Rema added his Mapah to Karo.
On the timeline
Related
Sources
Rishonim
- Piskei HaRosh, printed with the Talmud — the digest itself and its place in the printed Talmud
- Arbaah Turim, introduction — the son builds his four parts on his father's digest
Basis: documents and evidence.