Thomas Aquinas

He cites Maimonides constantly, calling him "Rabbi Moses"—and on creation, on providence and on what may be said of God he follows him directly. This is perhaps the greatest instance of Jewish philosophy's influence on Christian.

And he formulated the scholastic doctrine of the Jews' position: they are "witnesses" to the truth of Christianity and must therefore be preserved, but in subjection. The doctrine protected them from destruction and justified their humiliation at the same time—and it held in Europe for four centuries.

His birth year is "c. 1225"; 1224–1226 are in circulation.