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Agrippa I אגריפס הראשון

king of Judea, grandson of Herod; the only one of that house of whom the sages speak warmly

The house of Herod in our memory is the house of the killer of sages. Agrippa is of that house, and yet the Mishnah speaks of him otherwise.

Mishnah Bikkurim 3:4. When the first fruits are carried to the Temple, a rich man may hand his basket to a servant. "And even King Agrippa would take his basket on his own shoulder and enter." One line, and everything is in it: in the Temple a king is no king, but one more man bringing his offering.

Mishnah Sotah 7:8. Once in seven years, at Sukkot of the year after the sabbatical, the king reads the Torah to the people—the commandment of hakhel. Agrippa read. He came to the words "you may not set over you a foreigner who is not your brother"—and his tears ran: his father's mother was not of Israel. And they called out to him: "Fear not, Agrippa, you are our brother, you are our brother!"

And the other half of the truth. The Mishnah goes on to say that for this flattery the enemies of Israel deserved destruction—the sages left their own quarrel with themselves standing in the text. And this must be remembered: he became king not by right but because he had grown up in Rome with the future emperor; he received Judea in the year 41 and ruled three years. In those three years, however, he shielded the Temple: when Gaius ordered his statue set up in it, it was Agrippa who interceded for the Jews.

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Chazal: Mishnah, Talmud, midrash, Zohar

  • Mishnah Bikkurim 3:4 — King Agrippa carries the basket of first fruits himself
  • Mishnah Sotah 7:8 — the Torah reading at hakhel, the king's tears and the people's answer; and the reproach for the flattery

Scholarship

  • Jewish Virtual Library, "Agrippa I" — his dates, the tetrarchy from 37, the kingdom from 41, the intercession before Gaius

Basis: Talmud and midrash.

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