Leonard Bernstein

He was registered as Louis and changed the name at sixteen. The Jewish in him is not subtext but direct work: the First Symphony "Jeremiah" (1942–44) with its Hebrew text from Lamentations, the Third, "Kaddish" (1963), the Chichester Psalms (1965)—the psalms in the original—and the ballet Dybbuk (1974).

And Israel. He conducted the Israel Philharmonic from 1947, in 1948, during the war, played in the open air for soldiers near Beersheba, and in 1967 gave a concert on Mount Scopus after the reunification of Jerusalem. He was not observant, and nothing else may be printed: his Jewishness was textual, linguistic and national.