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Rav Ashi רב אשי

head of the academy at Sura who began the redaction of the Babylonian Talmud

By tradition Rav Ashi was born in the year Rava died: one generation replaces another without a gap. He headed the academy of Sura and restored its greatness; in Mata Mechasya, its suburb, thousands gathered for the kallah months.

His work was redaction. By his time Babylonian learning had accumulated seven centuries of argument—Rav and Shmuel, Abaye and Rava, dozens of schools, thousands of traditions—all held orally and in danger of scattering. With his students Rav Ashi began to go through the material systematically: two tractates a year, twice over in his sixty years of leadership. He did not merely collect: he decided which mishnah opens a subject, how a dispute is arranged, where discussion ends.

The Talmud says of him what it says of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi—that Torah and worldly standing had not been joined in one place since Rabbi until Rav Ashi.

He did not finish. His students continued, and tradition assigns the sealing to Ravina, around the year 4260.

Chain of transmission

Link no. 40 of 40 in the enumeration of Maimonides (Introduction to the Mishneh Torah): “from Rav Ashi back to Moses our teacher — forty men”. Maimonides’ own count runs the other way, making this number 1.
RavaRav Ashi
Here the enumeration ends: “Ravina and Rav Ashi are the end of the sages of the Talmud”. There is no link no. 41.

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Sources

Chazal: Mishnah, Talmud, midrash, Zohar

  • Bava Batra 157b — “the first recension” and “the later recension” — the trace of the editing
  • Gittin 59a — “from Rabbi to Rav Ashi, Torah and greatness were not found in one place”
  • Sanhedrin 36a — his standing as the head of the generation

Rishonim

  • the Epistle of Rav Sherira Gaon — sixty years and two passes through the whole corpus

Basis: tradition.

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